Flight Operations
Operation of the Aeroplane
• AVOIDANCE MANOEUVRES:
- Risk of collision with another aeroplane, terrain or other object or an unsafe situation when avoidance action would have been appropriate;
- An avoidance manoeuvre required to avoid a collision with another aeroplane, terrain or other objects;
- An avoidance manoeuvre to avoid other unsafe situations.
• TAKE-OFF or LANDING INCIDENTS, including precautionary or forced landings. Incidents, such as under-shooting, overrunning or running off the side of runways (including take-offs, rejected take-offs, landings or attempted landings on a closed, occupied or incorrect runway).
• REJECTED TAKE-OFF after take-off power is established.
• Runway or taxiway EXCURSION: if any part of the aircraft leaves the paved surface during taxiing, take-off or landing.
• Significant HANDLING difficulties that affect the safety of the aircraft.
• RUNWAY INCURSIONS.
• Critically LOW FUEL quantity or inability to transfer fuel or use total quantity of usable fuel.
• LOSS OF CONTROL (including partial or temporary) regardless of cause.
• GO-AROUND producing a hazardous or potentially hazardous situation.
• EXCEEDANCE OF THE LIMITING PARAMETERS for the AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION or UNINTENTIONAL SIGNIFICANT DEVIATION from airspeed intended to track or altitude (more than 300 ft) regardless of cause.
• DESCENT BELOW decision height/altitude or minimum descent height/altitude without the required visual reference. • LOSS OF POSITION AWARENESS relative to actual position or to other aeroplanes.
• BREAKDOWN IN COMMUNICATION between flight crew (CRM) or between the flight crew and other parties (cabin crew, ATC, engineering). • HEAVY (HARD) LANDING - a landing deemed to require a ‘heavy landing check’.
• EXCEEDANCE of FUEL IMBALANCE LIMITS.
• Deficiencies occurring in OPERATING PROCEDURES or MANUALS.
• NAVIGATION ERROR occurrence, involving a significant deviation from the intended track.
• FUELSYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS or defects, which had an effect on fuel supply and/or distribution.
• COLLISION between an aeroplane and any other aeroplane, vehicle or other ground objects.
• INADVERTENT and/or INCORRECTOPERATION of any controls.
• A HAZARD or POTENTIAL HAZARD which arises as a consequence of any deliberate simulation of failure conditions for training, system checks or training purposes.
• Serious LOSS OF BRAKING.
• ABNORMAL VIBRATION.
• INCORRECT LOADING of fuel or cargo.
• OPERATION OF ANY PRIMARY WARNING SYSTEM associated with manoeuvring the aeroplane e.g. configuration warning, stall warning, over-speed warning etc. unless:
- The crew conclusively established that the indication was false and provided that the false warning did not result in difficulty or hazard arising from the crew response to the warning; or
- Operated for training or test purposes.
• EGPWS warning when:
- The aeroplane comes into closer proximity to the ground than had been planned or anticipated, or
- The warning is experienced in instrument meteorological conditions or at night; or
- It is established as having been triggered by a high rate of descent; or
- The warning results from failure to select landing gear or landing flaps by the appropriate point on the approach; or
- Any difficulty or hazard arises or might have arisen as a result of crew response to the warning e.g. possible reduced separation from other traffic.
This could include warning of any mode or type i.e. genuine, nuisance or false.
• EGPWS alert when any difficulty or hazard arises or might have arisen as a result of crew response to the ‘alert’.
• In-flight LASER attack on aeroplane.
• TCAS RAs.
• JET BLAST INCIDENTS resulting in significant damage or serious injury.
• Any event, which may prove useful information for the ENHANCEMENT OF FLIGHT SAFETY.
Emergencies
• FIRE, EXPLOSION, SMOKE or toxic or noxious FUMES, even though fires were extinguished.
• The use of any NON-STANDARD PROCEDURE by the flight or cabin crew to deal with an emergency when:
- The procedure exists but is not used;
- The procedure does not exist;
- The procedure exists but is incomplete or inappropriate;
- The procedure is incorrect;
- The incorrect procedure is used.
• INADEQUACY OF any PROCEDURES designed to be used in an emergency, including when being used for maintenance, training or test purposes.
• An event leading to an EMERGENCY EVACUATION.
• DEPRESSURIZATION.
• The use of any EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT or prescribed EMERGENCY PROCEDURES in order to deal with a situation.
• An event leading to the declaration of an EMERGENCY (‘MAYDAY’ or ‘PANPAN’).
• FAILURE OF any EMERGENCY SYSTEM or EQUIPMENT, including all exit doors and lighting, to perform satisfactorily, including when being used for maintenance, training or test purposes.
• Events requiring any use of EMERGENCY OXYGEN by any crew member.
Medical
• INCAPACITATION of any member of the crew, including that which occurs prior to departure, if it is considered that it could have resulted in incapacitation after takeoff.
• When crew members or passengers become SERIOUSLY ILL or are INJURED.
• Occurrences, which have or could have led to SIGNIFICANT INJURY to passengers or crew but which are not considered reportable as an accident.
Meteorology
• A LIGHTNING STRIKE which resulted in damage to the aeroplane or loss or malfunction of any essential service.
• A HAIL encounter, which resulted in damage to the aeroplane or loss or malfunction of any essential service.
• SEVERE TURBULENCE encounter, an encounter resulting in injury to occupants or deemed to require a ‘turbulence check’ of the aeroplane.
• A WINDSHEAR encounter.
• SEVERE ICING encounter, resulting in handling difficulties, damage to the aeroplane or loss or malfunction of any essential service.
Security
• UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE with the aeroplane including a BOMB THREAT or HIJACK.
• Difficulty in controlling INTOXICATED, VIOLENT, ARMED or UNRULY passengers or when CONSTRAINT is necessary.
• Breach of SECURITY PROCEDURES.
• TOILET SMOKE DETECTORS activation.
• VANDALISATION or SABOTAGE of any part of the aeroplane or its equipment.
Other Occurrences
• Repetitive instances of a SPECIFIC TYPE of OCCURRENCE which in isolation would not be considered reportable but which due to the frequency with which they arise, from a potential hazard.
• A BIRD STRIKE which resulted in damage to the aeroplane or loss or malfunction of any essential service.
• FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE (FOD).
• WAKE TURBULENCE encounters.
• AIRPROX or ATC INCIDENT occurrence.
• Any OTHER OCCURRENCE of any type considered to have endangered or which might have endangered the aeroplane or its occupants on board the aeroplane or on the ground.
Aeroplane Technical
The following general criteria applicable to all systems apply:
• LOSS, SIGNIFICANT MALFUNCTION or SYSTEM DEFECT, which adversely affects the handling characteristics of the aircraft or which renders it unfit to fly.
• INABILITY of the crew TO CONTROL THE SYSTEM, for example,:
- Uncommanded actions,
- Incorrect and/or incomplete response, including limitation of movement or stiffness,
- Runaway,
- Mechanical disconnection or failure.
• SYSTEMS INTERFERENCE.
• FAILURE or MALFUNCTION of the PROTECTION DEVICE or emergency system associated with the system.
• Leakage of hydraulic fluids, fuel, oil or other fluids which resulted in a FIRE HAZARD or possible hazardous contamination of aeroplane structure, systems or equipment, or risk to occupants.
• Malfunction or defect of any indication system when this results in the possibility of MISLEADING INDICATIONS to the crew.
• SIGNIFICANT SHORTFALL of the ACTUAL PERFORMANCES compared to the approved performance which resulted in a hazardous situation (taking into account the accuracy of the performance - calculation method) including braking action, fuel consumption etc.
• ASYMMETRY OF FLIGHT CONTROLS; e.g. flaps, slats, spoilers etc.
Other technical occurrences:
• Any incident where any feature or inadequacy of the aeroplane design could have led to an error of use that could contribute to a hazardous or catastrophic effect.
• An occurrence not normally considered as reportable (e.g., furnishing and cabin equipment, water systems), where the circumstances resulted in endangering the aeroplane or its occupants.
• Any other event which could endanger the aeroplane, or affect the safety of the occupants of the aeroplane, or people or property in the vicinity of the aeroplane or on the ground.
• AVOIDANCE MANOEUVRES:
- Risk of collision with another aeroplane, terrain or other object or an unsafe situation when avoidance action would have been appropriate;
- An avoidance manoeuvre required to avoid a collision with another aeroplane, terrain or other objects;
- An avoidance manoeuvre to avoid other unsafe situations.
• TAKE-OFF or LANDING INCIDENTS, including precautionary or forced landings. Incidents, such as under-shooting, overrunning or running off the side of runways (including take-offs, rejected take-offs, landings or attempted landings on a closed, occupied or incorrect runway).
• REJECTED TAKE-OFF after take-off power is established.
• Runway or taxiway EXCURSION: if any part of the aircraft leaves the paved surface during taxiing, take-off or landing.
• Significant HANDLING difficulties that affect the safety of the aircraft.
• RUNWAY INCURSIONS.
• Critically LOW FUEL quantity or inability to transfer fuel or use total quantity of usable fuel.
• LOSS OF CONTROL (including partial or temporary) regardless of cause.
• GO-AROUND producing a hazardous or potentially hazardous situation.
• EXCEEDANCE OF THE LIMITING PARAMETERS for the AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION or UNINTENTIONAL SIGNIFICANT DEVIATION from airspeed intended to track or altitude (more than 300 ft) regardless of cause.
• DESCENT BELOW decision height/altitude or minimum descent height/altitude without the required visual reference. • LOSS OF POSITION AWARENESS relative to actual position or to other aeroplanes.
• BREAKDOWN IN COMMUNICATION between flight crew (CRM) or between the flight crew and other parties (cabin crew, ATC, engineering). • HEAVY (HARD) LANDING - a landing deemed to require a ‘heavy landing check’.
• EXCEEDANCE of FUEL IMBALANCE LIMITS.
• Deficiencies occurring in OPERATING PROCEDURES or MANUALS.
• NAVIGATION ERROR occurrence, involving a significant deviation from the intended track.
• FUELSYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS or defects, which had an effect on fuel supply and/or distribution.
• COLLISION between an aeroplane and any other aeroplane, vehicle or other ground objects.
• INADVERTENT and/or INCORRECTOPERATION of any controls.
• A HAZARD or POTENTIAL HAZARD which arises as a consequence of any deliberate simulation of failure conditions for training, system checks or training purposes.
• Serious LOSS OF BRAKING.
• ABNORMAL VIBRATION.
• INCORRECT LOADING of fuel or cargo.
• OPERATION OF ANY PRIMARY WARNING SYSTEM associated with manoeuvring the aeroplane e.g. configuration warning, stall warning, over-speed warning etc. unless:
- The crew conclusively established that the indication was false and provided that the false warning did not result in difficulty or hazard arising from the crew response to the warning; or
- Operated for training or test purposes.
• EGPWS warning when:
- The aeroplane comes into closer proximity to the ground than had been planned or anticipated, or
- The warning is experienced in instrument meteorological conditions or at night; or
- It is established as having been triggered by a high rate of descent; or
- The warning results from failure to select landing gear or landing flaps by the appropriate point on the approach; or
- Any difficulty or hazard arises or might have arisen as a result of crew response to the warning e.g. possible reduced separation from other traffic.
This could include warning of any mode or type i.e. genuine, nuisance or false.
• EGPWS alert when any difficulty or hazard arises or might have arisen as a result of crew response to the ‘alert’.
• In-flight LASER attack on aeroplane.
• TCAS RAs.
• JET BLAST INCIDENTS resulting in significant damage or serious injury.
• Any event, which may prove useful information for the ENHANCEMENT OF FLIGHT SAFETY.
Emergencies
• FIRE, EXPLOSION, SMOKE or toxic or noxious FUMES, even though fires were extinguished.
• The use of any NON-STANDARD PROCEDURE by the flight or cabin crew to deal with an emergency when:
- The procedure exists but is not used;
- The procedure does not exist;
- The procedure exists but is incomplete or inappropriate;
- The procedure is incorrect;
- The incorrect procedure is used.
• INADEQUACY OF any PROCEDURES designed to be used in an emergency, including when being used for maintenance, training or test purposes.
• An event leading to an EMERGENCY EVACUATION.
• DEPRESSURIZATION.
• The use of any EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT or prescribed EMERGENCY PROCEDURES in order to deal with a situation.
• An event leading to the declaration of an EMERGENCY (‘MAYDAY’ or ‘PANPAN’).
• FAILURE OF any EMERGENCY SYSTEM or EQUIPMENT, including all exit doors and lighting, to perform satisfactorily, including when being used for maintenance, training or test purposes.
• Events requiring any use of EMERGENCY OXYGEN by any crew member.
Medical
• INCAPACITATION of any member of the crew, including that which occurs prior to departure, if it is considered that it could have resulted in incapacitation after takeoff.
• When crew members or passengers become SERIOUSLY ILL or are INJURED.
• Occurrences, which have or could have led to SIGNIFICANT INJURY to passengers or crew but which are not considered reportable as an accident.
Meteorology
• A LIGHTNING STRIKE which resulted in damage to the aeroplane or loss or malfunction of any essential service.
• A HAIL encounter, which resulted in damage to the aeroplane or loss or malfunction of any essential service.
• SEVERE TURBULENCE encounter, an encounter resulting in injury to occupants or deemed to require a ‘turbulence check’ of the aeroplane.
• A WINDSHEAR encounter.
• SEVERE ICING encounter, resulting in handling difficulties, damage to the aeroplane or loss or malfunction of any essential service.
Security
• UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE with the aeroplane including a BOMB THREAT or HIJACK.
• Difficulty in controlling INTOXICATED, VIOLENT, ARMED or UNRULY passengers or when CONSTRAINT is necessary.
• Breach of SECURITY PROCEDURES.
• TOILET SMOKE DETECTORS activation.
• VANDALISATION or SABOTAGE of any part of the aeroplane or its equipment.
Other Occurrences
• Repetitive instances of a SPECIFIC TYPE of OCCURRENCE which in isolation would not be considered reportable but which due to the frequency with which they arise, from a potential hazard.
• A BIRD STRIKE which resulted in damage to the aeroplane or loss or malfunction of any essential service.
• FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE (FOD).
• WAKE TURBULENCE encounters.
• AIRPROX or ATC INCIDENT occurrence.
• Any OTHER OCCURRENCE of any type considered to have endangered or which might have endangered the aeroplane or its occupants on board the aeroplane or on the ground.
Aeroplane Technical
The following general criteria applicable to all systems apply:
• LOSS, SIGNIFICANT MALFUNCTION or SYSTEM DEFECT, which adversely affects the handling characteristics of the aircraft or which renders it unfit to fly.
• INABILITY of the crew TO CONTROL THE SYSTEM, for example,:
- Uncommanded actions,
- Incorrect and/or incomplete response, including limitation of movement or stiffness,
- Runaway,
- Mechanical disconnection or failure.
• SYSTEMS INTERFERENCE.
• FAILURE or MALFUNCTION of the PROTECTION DEVICE or emergency system associated with the system.
• Leakage of hydraulic fluids, fuel, oil or other fluids which resulted in a FIRE HAZARD or possible hazardous contamination of aeroplane structure, systems or equipment, or risk to occupants.
• Malfunction or defect of any indication system when this results in the possibility of MISLEADING INDICATIONS to the crew.
• SIGNIFICANT SHORTFALL of the ACTUAL PERFORMANCES compared to the approved performance which resulted in a hazardous situation (taking into account the accuracy of the performance - calculation method) including braking action, fuel consumption etc.
• ASYMMETRY OF FLIGHT CONTROLS; e.g. flaps, slats, spoilers etc.
Other technical occurrences:
• Any incident where any feature or inadequacy of the aeroplane design could have led to an error of use that could contribute to a hazardous or catastrophic effect.
• An occurrence not normally considered as reportable (e.g., furnishing and cabin equipment, water systems), where the circumstances resulted in endangering the aeroplane or its occupants.
• Any other event which could endanger the aeroplane, or affect the safety of the occupants of the aeroplane, or people or property in the vicinity of the aeroplane or on the ground.
Flight Operations
Reviewed by Aviation Lesson
on
9:00 PM
Rating:
Reviewed by Aviation Lesson
on
9:00 PM
Rating:
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