SECURITY
SECURITY
GENERAL
Refer to Security Manual (SM).
Refer to Ground Handling Manual (GHM).
Refer to Flight Dispatch Manual (FDM).
Security is defined as “a combination of measures and human and material resources intended to safeguard international civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference”. This chapter describes general Company policies related to security measures and crimes committed onboard Company aeroplanes on the ground and in-flight. As a general rule, constant vigilance is necessary on the part of all flight crew and cabin crew. More detailed regulations pertaining to security in-flight and on the ground are laid down in the Company's Security Manual (SM).
For obvious reasons all orders and information on security should be treated as highly confidential!
Tokyo Convention
General
The following three International Conventions on the suppression of violence against civil aviation have been ratified by the Kingdom of Cambodia:
• Tokyo Convention: Convention on offences and certain other acts committed onboard the aeroplane;
• Hague Convention: Convention for the suppression of unlawful seizure of aeroplane;
• Montreal Convention: Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation.
Since the Tokyo Convention contains provisions with regard to the powers of the aircraft Commander and since the other two Conventions are not directly related to the authority and duties of the aircraft crew, the next paragraphs only deal with the relevant provision of the Tokyo Convention.
As of 2013, the Tokyo Convention has been ratified by 185 states.
Applicability
The Tokyo Convention applies to:
• Criminal offences;
• Other acts which may or do jeopardize the safety of the aeroplane, or of persons or property therein;
• Other acts which jeopardize good order and discipline onboard.
Unless the safety of flight is involved or certain specified State interests are involved, it does not apply to offences of a political, racial or religious nature. The Convention applies to offences committed onboard:
• Aeroplane in-flight; or
• Aeroplane on the surface of the high seas; or
• Aeroplane in any other area outside the territory of any State.
Jurisdiction
The State of Registration exercises jurisdiction over offences and acts committed onboard. Another State may not interfere with this prerogative except:
• When the offence has effect on its territory; or
• When the offence has been committed by or against one of its nationals or permanent citizens; or
• The offence is against its security; or
• The offence concerns a breach of the State's regulations relating to the execution of the flight; or
• When necessary in order to ensure compliance with multilateral international agreements.
Authority and Duties of the Aeroplane’s Commander
If it is believed that an offence has been committed or is about to be committed, the Commander may impose reasonable measures including restraint, to enable him:
• To protect the safety of the aeroplane, persons or goods onboard; or
• To prevent a person from acting, causing or permitting an aeroplane to endanger any person or property; or
• To maintain good order and discipline onboard; or
• To disembark the offender or deliver him to the competent authorities.
Crew members and passengers may also take reasonable preventative measures without the authorization of the Commander if circumstances so require.
The flight deck door must stay locked during any passenger disturbance of any level, until the situation is under control.
Threat Levels
Level 1 Incident - Disruptive Behaviour
Disruptive behaviour can be described as suspicious or threatening behaviour of an unruly passenger such as:
• Disorderly behaviour due to affects of alcohol, drugs or other substances;
• Offensive language, acts or body language, implying potentially threatening behaviour.
Procedures on ground
Cabin Crew:
• Attempt to resolve the situation verbally;
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible in order to enable disembarkation of unruly passenger if situation cannot be resolved.
Flight crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew, ground personnel, or ATC as required;
• Decide on requirement for disembarkation of passenger and the passenger's baggage;
• Request for assistance from the authorities if needed.
Procedures in-flight
Cabin Crew:
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Attempt to resolve the situation verbally.
Flight Crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew.
Level 2 Incident - Physical Abusive Behaviour
Type of behaviour:
• Any form of physical abuse (grabbing, pushing, slapping, kicking another passenger or crew member).
• Deliberate damage to company property (breaking of seats, panels etc.).
This type of behaviour should be approached with great care as it may easily escalate to a Level 3 Incident. Flight crew should consider diverting and landing at the nearest airport and request help from local authorities.
Procedures on ground
Cabin Crew:
• Attempt to resolve the situation verbally.
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible in order to enable disembarkation of unruly passenger if situation cannot be resolved.
Flight crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew, ground personnel or ATC as required;
• Disembark passenger and the passenger's baggage;
• Request for assistance from the authorities.
Procedures in-flight
Cabin Crew: • Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Attempt to resolve the situation verbally;
• Ask able-bodied passengers (ABP) for help, if needed.
Flight Crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew;
• Inform ATC or as required if cabin crew cannot regain control of the situation;
• Divert to nearest aerodrome if necessary.
Level 3 Incident - Life-threatening Behaviour
Indicator of this type of incident is use of a weapon of any form and clearly (verbally or nonverbally) expressed intention of the assailant to cause life-threatening bodily harm to a passenger or crew member. Display or actual use of a weapon to cause harm, or even the threat of a concealed weapon is life-threatening behaviour.
Procedures on ground
Cabin Crew:
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Do not attempt to open the flight deck (cockpit) door;
• Defend yourself and ask able-bodied passengers (ABP) or other passengers for help;
• Attempt to regain control of the situation in the cabin and restore order.
Flight crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew, ground personnel, or ATC as required;
• Lock the flight deck (cockpit) door. Do not open the door;
• Request for assistance from the authorities;
• Disable (park or block) the aeroplane in a manner that makes it unusable for the assailant.
Procedures in-flight
Cabin Crew:
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Stop service and block forward galley entrance with trolleys;
• Do not attempt to open the flight deck (cockpit) door;
• Defend yourself and ask able-bodied passengers (ABP) or other passengers for help, use trolleys to separate you from the assailant;
• Attempt to regain control of the situation in the cabin and restore order.
Flight Crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew, ATC or as required;
• Keep the flight deck (cockpit) door locked. Do not open the door;
• Provide the authorities with any information on the assailant;
• Declare emergency;
• Land at nearest airport.
Level 4 Incident - Attempt or Actual Breach of Flight Deck
Any attempt to break into the flight deck or gain unauthorised access to the flight deck in order to gain control of the aeroplane and use it as weapon of mass destruction.
Procedures on ground
Cabin Crew:
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Do not attempt to open the flight deck (cockpit) door;
• Defend yourself and ask able-bodied passengers (ABP) or other passengers for help;
• Use any means available to eliminate the threat;
• Call for help using any means available;
• If possible, attempt to evacuate passengers from the aeroplane.
Flight crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew, ground personnel, or ATC as required;
• Lock flight deck (cockpit) door. Do not open the door;
• Request for assistance from the authorities;
• Disable (park or block) the aeroplane in a manner that makes it unusable for the assailant.
Procedures in-flight
Cabin Crew: • Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Do not attempt to open the flight deck (cockpit) door;
• Defend yourself and ask able-bodied passengers (ABP) or other passengers for help;
• Use any means available to eliminate the threat.
Flight crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew and inform ATC or as required and request for assistance from the authorities;
• Keep the flight deck (cockpit) door locked. Do not open the door;
• Declare emergency;
• Divert to nearest airport;
• Maintain control of aeroplane;
• Use all available means to defend the flight deck.
Restraining Persons
Restraint shall not be continued beyond the next point of landing unless:
• This point is in a non-contracting State and the authorities refuse disembarkation;
• Delivery to competent authorities is not possible because the point of landing is in a non-contracting State;
• The aeroplane makes a forced landing;
• The person agrees to onward travel under restraint.
The Commander shall advise the authorities as soon as possible and if possible before landing that a person has been restrained and of the reasons for such a restraint.
Disembarking Persons
The Commander may if necessary disembark any person of whom he has reasonable grounds to believe that he has committed or is about to commit an offence onboard the aeroplane.
The disembarkation shall be reported to the State authorities at the point of disembarkation, as well as the reason for the disembarkation.
Delivering Persons to the Competent Authority
The Commander may deliver to the competent authorities at the point of landing any person of whom he has grounds to believe that he has committed onboard an act which, in his opinion, is a serious criminal offence according to the law of the State of registration.
This shall be reported to the authorities as soon as possible and if possible before landing as well as the reason for the delivery.
The Commander shall provide the authorities with all relevant evidence and information.
Non-liability
Neither the Commander nor any crew member any passenger, the carrier or charterer can, under the Tokyo Convention, can be held liable in any proceeding on account of such a treatment of an offender as is authorised under the Convention.
GENERAL
Refer to Security Manual (SM).
Refer to Ground Handling Manual (GHM).
Refer to Flight Dispatch Manual (FDM).
Security is defined as “a combination of measures and human and material resources intended to safeguard international civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference”. This chapter describes general Company policies related to security measures and crimes committed onboard Company aeroplanes on the ground and in-flight. As a general rule, constant vigilance is necessary on the part of all flight crew and cabin crew. More detailed regulations pertaining to security in-flight and on the ground are laid down in the Company's Security Manual (SM).
For obvious reasons all orders and information on security should be treated as highly confidential!
Tokyo Convention
General
The following three International Conventions on the suppression of violence against civil aviation have been ratified by the Kingdom of Cambodia:
• Tokyo Convention: Convention on offences and certain other acts committed onboard the aeroplane;
• Hague Convention: Convention for the suppression of unlawful seizure of aeroplane;
• Montreal Convention: Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of civil aviation.
Since the Tokyo Convention contains provisions with regard to the powers of the aircraft Commander and since the other two Conventions are not directly related to the authority and duties of the aircraft crew, the next paragraphs only deal with the relevant provision of the Tokyo Convention.
As of 2013, the Tokyo Convention has been ratified by 185 states.
Applicability
The Tokyo Convention applies to:
• Criminal offences;
• Other acts which may or do jeopardize the safety of the aeroplane, or of persons or property therein;
• Other acts which jeopardize good order and discipline onboard.
Unless the safety of flight is involved or certain specified State interests are involved, it does not apply to offences of a political, racial or religious nature. The Convention applies to offences committed onboard:
• Aeroplane in-flight; or
• Aeroplane on the surface of the high seas; or
• Aeroplane in any other area outside the territory of any State.
Jurisdiction
The State of Registration exercises jurisdiction over offences and acts committed onboard. Another State may not interfere with this prerogative except:
• When the offence has effect on its territory; or
• When the offence has been committed by or against one of its nationals or permanent citizens; or
• The offence is against its security; or
• The offence concerns a breach of the State's regulations relating to the execution of the flight; or
• When necessary in order to ensure compliance with multilateral international agreements.
Authority and Duties of the Aeroplane’s Commander
If it is believed that an offence has been committed or is about to be committed, the Commander may impose reasonable measures including restraint, to enable him:
• To protect the safety of the aeroplane, persons or goods onboard; or
• To prevent a person from acting, causing or permitting an aeroplane to endanger any person or property; or
• To maintain good order and discipline onboard; or
• To disembark the offender or deliver him to the competent authorities.
Crew members and passengers may also take reasonable preventative measures without the authorization of the Commander if circumstances so require.
The flight deck door must stay locked during any passenger disturbance of any level, until the situation is under control.
Threat Levels
Level 1 Incident - Disruptive Behaviour
Disruptive behaviour can be described as suspicious or threatening behaviour of an unruly passenger such as:
• Disorderly behaviour due to affects of alcohol, drugs or other substances;
• Offensive language, acts or body language, implying potentially threatening behaviour.
Procedures on ground
Cabin Crew:
• Attempt to resolve the situation verbally;
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible in order to enable disembarkation of unruly passenger if situation cannot be resolved.
Flight crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew, ground personnel, or ATC as required;
• Decide on requirement for disembarkation of passenger and the passenger's baggage;
• Request for assistance from the authorities if needed.
Procedures in-flight
Cabin Crew:
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Attempt to resolve the situation verbally.
Flight Crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew.
Level 2 Incident - Physical Abusive Behaviour
Type of behaviour:
• Any form of physical abuse (grabbing, pushing, slapping, kicking another passenger or crew member).
• Deliberate damage to company property (breaking of seats, panels etc.).
This type of behaviour should be approached with great care as it may easily escalate to a Level 3 Incident. Flight crew should consider diverting and landing at the nearest airport and request help from local authorities.
Procedures on ground
Cabin Crew:
• Attempt to resolve the situation verbally.
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible in order to enable disembarkation of unruly passenger if situation cannot be resolved.
Flight crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew, ground personnel or ATC as required;
• Disembark passenger and the passenger's baggage;
• Request for assistance from the authorities.
Procedures in-flight
Cabin Crew: • Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Attempt to resolve the situation verbally;
• Ask able-bodied passengers (ABP) for help, if needed.
Flight Crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew;
• Inform ATC or as required if cabin crew cannot regain control of the situation;
• Divert to nearest aerodrome if necessary.
Level 3 Incident - Life-threatening Behaviour
Indicator of this type of incident is use of a weapon of any form and clearly (verbally or nonverbally) expressed intention of the assailant to cause life-threatening bodily harm to a passenger or crew member. Display or actual use of a weapon to cause harm, or even the threat of a concealed weapon is life-threatening behaviour.
Procedures on ground
Cabin Crew:
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Do not attempt to open the flight deck (cockpit) door;
• Defend yourself and ask able-bodied passengers (ABP) or other passengers for help;
• Attempt to regain control of the situation in the cabin and restore order.
Flight crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew, ground personnel, or ATC as required;
• Lock the flight deck (cockpit) door. Do not open the door;
• Request for assistance from the authorities;
• Disable (park or block) the aeroplane in a manner that makes it unusable for the assailant.
Procedures in-flight
Cabin Crew:
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Stop service and block forward galley entrance with trolleys;
• Do not attempt to open the flight deck (cockpit) door;
• Defend yourself and ask able-bodied passengers (ABP) or other passengers for help, use trolleys to separate you from the assailant;
• Attempt to regain control of the situation in the cabin and restore order.
Flight Crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew, ATC or as required;
• Keep the flight deck (cockpit) door locked. Do not open the door;
• Provide the authorities with any information on the assailant;
• Declare emergency;
• Land at nearest airport.
Level 4 Incident - Attempt or Actual Breach of Flight Deck
Any attempt to break into the flight deck or gain unauthorised access to the flight deck in order to gain control of the aeroplane and use it as weapon of mass destruction.
Procedures on ground
Cabin Crew:
• Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Do not attempt to open the flight deck (cockpit) door;
• Defend yourself and ask able-bodied passengers (ABP) or other passengers for help;
• Use any means available to eliminate the threat;
• Call for help using any means available;
• If possible, attempt to evacuate passengers from the aeroplane.
Flight crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew, ground personnel, or ATC as required;
• Lock flight deck (cockpit) door. Do not open the door;
• Request for assistance from the authorities;
• Disable (park or block) the aeroplane in a manner that makes it unusable for the assailant.
Procedures in-flight
Cabin Crew: • Inform the Commander as soon as possible;
• Do not attempt to open the flight deck (cockpit) door;
• Defend yourself and ask able-bodied passengers (ABP) or other passengers for help;
• Use any means available to eliminate the threat.
Flight crew:
• Establish communication with the cabin crew and inform ATC or as required and request for assistance from the authorities;
• Keep the flight deck (cockpit) door locked. Do not open the door;
• Declare emergency;
• Divert to nearest airport;
• Maintain control of aeroplane;
• Use all available means to defend the flight deck.
Restraining Persons
Restraint shall not be continued beyond the next point of landing unless:
• This point is in a non-contracting State and the authorities refuse disembarkation;
• Delivery to competent authorities is not possible because the point of landing is in a non-contracting State;
• The aeroplane makes a forced landing;
• The person agrees to onward travel under restraint.
The Commander shall advise the authorities as soon as possible and if possible before landing that a person has been restrained and of the reasons for such a restraint.
Disembarking Persons
The Commander may if necessary disembark any person of whom he has reasonable grounds to believe that he has committed or is about to commit an offence onboard the aeroplane.
The disembarkation shall be reported to the State authorities at the point of disembarkation, as well as the reason for the disembarkation.
Delivering Persons to the Competent Authority
The Commander may deliver to the competent authorities at the point of landing any person of whom he has grounds to believe that he has committed onboard an act which, in his opinion, is a serious criminal offence according to the law of the State of registration.
This shall be reported to the authorities as soon as possible and if possible before landing as well as the reason for the delivery.
The Commander shall provide the authorities with all relevant evidence and information.
Non-liability
Neither the Commander nor any crew member any passenger, the carrier or charterer can, under the Tokyo Convention, can be held liable in any proceeding on account of such a treatment of an offender as is authorised under the Convention.
SECURITY
Reviewed by Aviation Lesson
on
12:39 PM
Rating:
Reviewed by Aviation Lesson
on
12:39 PM
Rating:
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